In these circumstances, the object of sacrifice becomes "sacred" and it is in a position to demand further sacrifices. First published in Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210. And lastly, participants were asked whether they would want to participate again in the future in a study the same as this, using the scale -5 to +5. The students presumably put some effort into building and defending their arguments. How can you get someone to like you, according to Ben Franklin? Scott, W. A. The stronger the S's positive statements about the tasks, and the more ways in which he said they were interesting and enjoyable, the higher the rating. :>"we>WN,}Arj*L^{l"C9](j0xfyK.1^8 jKbE#/`^%]Ply48o~9cw+ecw/j;k`t)# -3ffua0D@~1` cp \nO7uF& o>u$]oK' 2WBxK>rVyRZ 7%M6xdKmUD}],'WpaB2t$t@^K,JLiM 6H] WA@'n. /Info 46 0 R The present experiment was listed as a two-hour experiment dealing with " Meas-ures of Performance." During the first week of the course, when the requirement of serving in experiments was announced and explained to the students, the instructor also told them about a study that the psychology department was conducting. In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) experiment in which they asked individuals to "lie" and tell . To reduce the feeling of discomfort about lying, they persuaded themselves they actually enjoyed the experiment. In short, when an S was induced, by offer of reward, to say something contrary to his private opinion, this private opinion tended to change so as to correspond more closely with what he had said. Participants were asked, "Would you please tell the next subject in line that the experiment was fun and enjoyable?" Subjects in both groups typically agreed to tell the next subject that the experiment was interesting. Eliot Aronson, himself a famous social psychologist and former student of Festinger, called this "the most important experiment in the history of social psychology" ("Social Researcher", 1984). Write to Dr. Dewey at psywww@gmail.com. The Effects of Prejudice, Stereotype & Discrimination Recently Festinger (1957) proposed a theory concerning cognitive dissonance from which come a number of derivations about opinion change following forced compliance. The larger the pressure used to elicit the [p. 210] overt behavior (beyond the minimum needed to elicit it) the weaker will be the above-mentioned tendency. The students will be interviewed after participating in the experiment and were encouraged to be completely honest in these interviews. hb```s cB@q^2cTaX-mhp\fQgfL7uM^FD0a!&MMtm#4 3;:$:AGCk!;R )b0Hq$q4sX za4],JJAb$de\"p .j,D VZS These recordings were transcribed and then rated, by two independent raters, on five dimensions. Muzafer Sherif et al (1954), Plato, Socrates and Shakespeare endorse a "Tripartite Soul" view of Human Nature. 0000001035 00000 n Festinger, L. (1957). He introduced the girl and the S to one another saying that the S had just finished the experiment and would tell her something about it. >> The "Robber's Cave" experiment showed the value of _____in combating prejudice. %PDF-1.5 The said group served as the control group of the experiment. hbbd``b` H? This study involved 71 male students from Stanford University, of which 11 students were disqualified. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-211. The participants who convinced themselves that the task really was fun were the ones . Lilly's attitude toward classic rock was most likely acquired through______. Sandy loves to play pool and has become quite good at the game. PDF Cognitivd Complianc Es Consequence of Force E DISCUSSION. Festinger and Carlsmith had predicted Cognitive dissonance is when we experience conflicting thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes. This is an example of which rule of attraction? Festinger observed that the subjects were put in a psychologically uncomfortable position. York University, Toronto, Ontario. The results from this question are shown in the last row of Table 1. OP>$O '@n#} C <>stream The three components of attitude are _____, thoughts, and actions. /Root 48 0 R /Contents 58 0 R How do we explain this? Our identity is in part created by identifying ourselves with the organization or the community for which the sacrifices have been made. New York: Harper & Row. Most of our subjects tell us afterward that they found it quite interesting You get a chance to see how you react to the tasks and so forth." Scott, W. A. Which of the following statements is TRUE? C. She knew she had to find something that she was interested in. The______explanation of prejudice assumes that the same processes that help form other attitudes form prejudiced attitudes. Which of the following is not an element of social identity theory? If you have a negative attitude toward something, but you behave like you enjoy it, this causes dissonance. The resulting dissonance could, of course, most directly be reduced by persuading themselves that the tasks were, indeed, interesting and enjoyable. Her parents attribute this to Elizabeth's laziness. You have created 2 folders. About the Experiment - Leon Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory Please sign in to share these flashcards. Ben Franklin gave some peculiar advice that makes sense in the context of cognitive dissonance theory. _____ is the attitude about members of a particular social group and _____ is the behavior that can result from that attitude. (Boulding, 1969). Jane nonetheless takes what she learned seriously and begins to pay more attention to her safety. In the process, people look at the images portrayed by others as something obtainable and realistic, and subsequently, make comparisons among themselves, others and the idealized images. He doesn't run over to help her because he assumes there is probably someone else in the crowd who is a doctor or nurse and who can provide better assistance. xc```c``Ab,@rb0Sb3``!`m@y"f@00]`ah|GC "$ Kelman (1953), in the previously mentioned study, in attempting to explain the unexpected finding that the persons who complied in the moderate reward condition changed their opinion more than in the high reward condition, also proposed the same kind of explanation. In this course, students are required to spend a certain number of hours as subjects (Ss) in experiments. The participants who were paid only $1 to perform the boring << He must be a genius." they shifted their attitudes and perceived the task as more enjoyable These Ss were treated identically in all respects to the Ss in the experimental conditions, except that they were never asked to, and never did, tell the waiting girl that the experimental tasks were enjoyable and lots of fun. Cindy formed her attitude about peas through the process of, A person tries to change the belief, opinion, or course of action of another person through, People can reduce cognitive dissonance by, forming new cognitions to justify their behavior, Justin walks into the morning meeting 15 minutes late. In the . In conclusion, people, when persuaded to lie without being given enough justification, will perform a task by convincing themselves of the falsehood, rather than telling a lie. Rating scale -5 to +5, Stanley Milgram : Obedience to Authority Experiments, Conformity under Social Pressure : Solomon Asch, Stephen Fry quotations and quotes on God and Religion, Stephen Fry's controversial interview on Irish TV, The Nature vs. Nurture debate or controversy, Stanley Milgram's experiments on Obedience to Authority, The Perils of Obedience, (Harper's Magazine article), by Stanley Milgram, Festinger and Carlsmith ~ Cognitive consequences of forced compliance, Albert Hastorf and Hadley Cantril ~ They Saw a Game: A Case Study, The Robbers Cave experiment. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) experiment in which they asked individuals to "lie" and tell the next participant how exciting the experiment turning knobs was, which group reported on a follow-up questionnaire the most satisfaction in their knob-turning experience?, The "A" in the "ABCs" of attitudes is, refer to beliefs and . "I didn't like the sermon at all today. One of the major weaknesses of the data is that not all subjects in the experiment made an overt statement contrary to their private opinion in order to obtain the offered reward. Psych Web has over 1,000 pages, so it may be elsewhere on the site. How can you get someone to like you, according to Ben Franklin? Since these derivations are stated in detail by Festinger (1957, Ch. Sandy was using_______ processing. The concept of aggression as a basic human instinct driving people to destructive acts was part of early_____theory. In this study, Festinger and Carlsmith found that His boss, Marco, assumes that traffic was bad this morning. It was explained to them that the Department of Psychology is conducting the study and they are therefore required to serve in the experiments. xref Some researchers believe that Milgram's results were a form of the________ technique of persuasion. The content of what the S said after the girl made the above-mentioned remark. Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance has been one . test scores of each group decreased when it was the out-group. Despite the seriousness of his message, the police officer jokes and laughs with the employees. A fraction of the participants (the control group) was thanked and let go after an interview. Were the tasks interesting and enjoyable? "Fight acts, not feelings," is the banner of anti-racist social scientists. /O 49 The difference between the One Dollar and Twenty Dollar conditions is significant at the .03 level (t = 2.22). They asked the participants to execute boring tasks, such as Which of the following researchers conducted a series of studies on conformity that involved having a subject judge the length of three lines after a group of confederates all reported an obviously incorrect answer? During a class discussion, he hears the first of several speakers express negative attitudes toward spending tax money on prenatal care for the poor. Lilly's mother always listens to the classic rock station on her car radio, so Lilly has grown up hearing that music and noticing how much her mother enjoys it. Add to folder The other group was paid 1/20th as much, the equivalent of about $5 now. in the experiment we varied the amount of reward used to force persons to make a statement contrary to their private views. When they arrived at the interviewer's office, the E asked the interviewer whether or not he wanted to talk to the S. The interviewer said yes, the E shook hands with the S, said good-bye, and left. In one study, college students liked another student simply because they were told that the other student liked them. Furthermore, since the pressure to reduce dissonance will be a function of the magnitude of the dissonance, the observed opinion change should be greatest when the pressure used to elicit the overt behavior is just sufficient to do it. The favor was to take the place of the research assistant, who was supposed to prepare subjects for the experiment by giving them a positive attitude toward it. Festinger and Carlsmith - cognitive dissonance , Cognitive consequences of Forced Compliance. The E then paid the S one dollar (twenty dollars), made out a hand-written receipt form, and asked the S to sign it. We tend to _____ attractive people more than we do less attractive people. But other factors would enter also. Prev page|Page top|Chapter Contents|Next page. How would a social psychologist describe this situation? A person's conformity in a situation like the Asch line study is most likely to be strongest when________. The Ss were given a very good reason, in addition to being paid, for saying what they did to the waiting girl. What is the reason for the lack of action, according to Darley and Latane? The subjects were divided into two groups, A and B, where Group A was provided no introduction regarding the tasks they will be performing and Group B was. This is an example of, The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to. The part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, culture, or ethnic group or with gender or other roles in society is called. 0000000015 00000 n Psychologists familiar with dissonance theory said just the opposite. In addition to these 5 exceptions, another 2 of the paid participants told the girl the truth that the tasks she will be performing are boring and uninteresting, and that they were just being paid to say otherwise. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 55, 72-75. One would then expect no differences at all among the three conditions. They had not enjoyed the experiment, but now they were asked to lie and say they had enjoyed it. /MediaBox[0 0 484 720] ________ describes the situation in which people attend to the content of a message. Actually this finding by Kelman is consistent with the theory we will outline below but, for a number of reasons is not conclusive. Lately she has noticed that she seems to play better when there are people watching her than which she is playing alone. Stereotypes are governed by the recency effect. All experimental Ss in both One Dollar and Twenty Dollar conditions were asked, after this explanation, to return the money they had [p. 207] been given. A rating of how persuasive and convincing the S was in what he said and the way in which he said it. The reason for doing it, theoretically, was to make it easier for anyone who wanted to persuade himself that the tasks had been, indeed, enjoyable. Don't see what you need? In this way, they propose, the person who is forced to improvise a speech convinces himself.
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festinger and carlsmith experiment quizlet