Roberts, I. Mater. https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706 (2021). Chemically recyclable polymers: a circular economy approach to sustainability. SAP GUI Scripting Security Guide. Andrasfay, T. & Goldman, N. Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations. We also used these period life tables to calculate the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 (Supplementary Table 7); the difference between the highest and lowest state life expectancies; the loss due to COVID-19 relative to increases in e0 and e65 (by sex and state) over the past two decades (20002020) (Supplementary Tables 8 and 9); and the setback in life expectancy due to COVID-19 identified by the years when the life expectancies estimated for 2020 and 2021 were last observed (Supplementary Table 10). Sodium polyacrylate-based superabsorbent materials used in disposable diapers and feminine hygiene products have been challenging to recycle through either open- or closed-loop processes. and S.G. conducted the formal analysis. Ohara, T. et al. a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (January-April) to those reported in 2020 (%). State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Standard Action Projects (SAPs) Strategic Nature Projects (SNAPs) SNAPs: (1)target the implementation of the Prioritised Action Frameworks (PAF) other plans or strategies adopted at international, national, regional or multiregional level by nature Commercial polyacrylate-based PSAs are often accessed via petroleum-sourced monomers (Fig. Lotta, G., Wenham, C., Nunes, J. (UHe&+IW6rQIG nD!? Nat. Fifth, reductions in the health budget and changes in the health financing model are likely to affect health outcomes40. Esterification of carboxylic acids with trialkyloxonium salts. Moriguchi, T. & Arita, Y. For example, FaterSMART, a Proctor and Gamble (P&G) affiliated company, has developed and implemented a diaper recycling facility that includes used diaper acquisition, steam sterilization, shredding, and separation into the purified raw materials (cellulosics, superabsorbent polymer, and polyolefins)29. Decrosslinking has been reported using ozonolysis16, though not for the purposes of mechanical recycling. Boletim Extraordinrio do Observatrio Covid-19 Fiocruz. Acc. Internet Explorer). produced all visualization. Adoption is complex, emotional, life-altering. We have included these important steps in our life cycle assessments, however, our syntheses utilized the more readily accessible samples of superabsorbent polymer used to manufacture diapers at P&G. Esterification of polyacrylic acid using alkyl halides under basic conditions had already been reported38. J. Barone, M. T. U. et al. Carvalho, C. A., Viola, P. C. A. F. & Sperandio, N. How is Brazil facing the crisis of food and nutrition security during the COVID-19 pandemic? To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. xCv+}jE`MGA-k8E5YYM All the adhesives synthesized from PAAP&G fall within quadrant 3 and the central region (Fig. 2b). We created data visualizations in R, ArcMap version 10.8 (ESRI) and Adobe Illustrator CS6. May 1998 - Jan 20012 years 9 months. M.C.C., N.G., C.M.T. 58, 13471364 (2020). Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 - 00144 Roma (I) The new plastics economy: rethinking the future of plastics & catalyzing action. The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. g;"a"E^X @; Richard Ferrers - Research Data Analyst | A/Team Lead - LinkedIn Sonochem. Ventura, D. F. L., Giulio, G. M. & Rached, D. H. Lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic: sustainability is an indispensable condition of global health security. endobj Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. For example, upon heating, polyacrylic acid is known to undergo dehydration and decarboxylation in bulk17 and solution18, respectively. In this study, we used data on reported total deaths in 2020 and in JanuaryApril 2021 to measure and compare the death toll across states. Moreover, the route involving just decrosslinking and esterification (i.e., no sonication) has the potential to be industrially scalable, providing a sustainable solution to a longstanding waste problem. 3 0 obj COVID-19 exacerbated inequality, exposing the most vulnerable to food insecurity and severe hunger38,39. performed all wet-lab experimental work under the guidance of A.J.M. Liu, Y., Lotero, E. & Goodwin, J. G. Jr Effect of water on sulfuric acid catalyzed esterification. Also, the states with extreme values changed only for e65 for both sexes, with the lowest shifting from Roraima in 2019 to Amazonas in 2020. MRS Bull. The Guardian. Teikti paraik ia. https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ (2020). IBGE. Thiounn, T. & Smith, R. C. Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste. {o"yQr8"2ioFq[V As many countries speed up vaccination coverage and witness declines in cases and deaths, Brazil lags behind. NTO s.15: Managers have full power to dispose of or deal with the land as . Second, in contrast to DT19 and DT20, the method based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 makes no assumption about independence of causes of death (that is, that the risks of dying from other causes are unaffected by the addition or elimination of COVID-19 mortality), an assumption that was almost certainly violated during the pandemic. Life 2021-2027 The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. 3b). Prod. Adv. La Commissione europea ha pubblicato i primi bandi del programma LIFE 2021-2027 per l'ambiente, il clima e l'energia. A facile and highly efficient strategy for esterification of poly(meth)acrylic acid with halogenated compounds at room temperature promoted by 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim, 2020). 15), producing the relatively small estimates of life expectancy decline. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-GOV Gamtos valdysenos projektai (angl. JAMA 324, 13911392 (2020). Brazils unified health system: the first 30 years and prospects for the future. Part B 52, 873896 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. Governors in that region imposed the most rigorous measures of physical distancing, in direct opposition to recommendations from the President14. To date, most diaper recycling efforts14 have focused on the cellulosic components, which can be biodegraded, incinerated to generate steam, pyrolyzed, or fermented to generate bioethanol15. California, United States. 364, 19851998 (2009). 26, 565581 (2000). Barbosa, R. J., Souza, P. H. G. F. & Soares, S. S. D. Distribuio de Renda nos Anos 2010: uma dcada perdida para desigualdade e pobreza. Collias, D. I. et al. We compared the gap in life expectancy between males and females in the period life tables constructed for 2019 and 2020 (Methods). J. and C.M.T. A more limited version of the basic income program was re-established in April 2021. Depolymerization of polymers. Sonication has previously been used to chain-shorten high-molar mass polymers with various backbone architectures31,32, including polyacrylic acid33, and has been used at scale34. "Climate action". Health 9, e782e792 (2021). Responsible for the full life-cycle of the first infotainment system in the market, AutoPC built with Microsoft. S2). Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. <>/Metadata 190 0 R/ViewerPreferences 191 0 R>> served as a sounding board throughout the project. Pract. Brasil, Grandes Regies e Unidades da Federao 2010. in Estudos e Pesquisas. Next, undecanoic acid was esterified under the same conditions, yielding 100% ester for 2-ethylhexanol/water and 85% for ethanol/water. <> 21). Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19. We show that life expectancy in the presence of COVID-19 is equivalent to levels observed in Brazil as far back as 20 or more years in some states. The global annual production of this class of materials is estimated to be over 2 million metric tons, with disposable diapers claiming 74% of the market13. Eng. wrote the codes for analysis. In Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. ACS Sustain. Castro, M. C. et al. Our results quantify the effect of the COVID-19 death toll on life expectancy in Brazil. LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu) The synthetic polymer community created these impactful materials, and now, we must turn our attention towards technologies that facilitate their collection and recycling, to create a circular economy that is more sustainable7. <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Abbasi, J. Chem. y?UT=*b!k jV/d=ucKW|8pJ{XCz"Xb3lhUY?|4~'"nj(\9c XP9@p*;+dw. <> 3a). Defined and directed strategic marketing and go-to-market plans. J. Popul. Assuming that death rates would have been equal to 2019 all-cause rates in the absence of COVID-19, COVID-19 deaths in 2021 have already reduced e0 in 2021 by 1.8 years, which is slightly larger than the reduction estimated for 2020 under similar assumptions. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE General Information Projects should fall under at least one of the two areas of intervention: Intervention area: "Space for Nature" Any project aimed at improving the condition of species or habitats through areabased conservation or restoration measures falls within the eligible scope of the intervention area . Barnes, D. K. A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C. & Barlaz, M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. - Experienced in end-to-end order management process using SAP <br>- More than fourteen (14) years of experience on data analysis, which provides strategic and tactical support to Real Estate documents from various counties in the United States<br>- Self-motivated, results-oriented, and able to work with minimal supervision<br>- Possess proven problem solving abilities and very strong . The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analysis of supply and demand of hospital and ICU beds and mechanical ventilators under different scenarios. Second, we calculated cause-deleted life tables for 2020 (DT20), which examine the consequences of eliminating COVID-19 mortality from 2020 deaths44. https://www.fatersmart.com/ - (Accessed May 1, 2021). PDF Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) Smith, D. W. & Bradshaw, B. S. Variation in life expectancy during the twentieth century in the United States. In this approach, the VW for each PSA is constructed from the dynamic storage (G) and loss (G) moduli at representative bonding and debonding frequencies of 0.01 and 100Hz, respectively. Moreover, mechanical recycling cannot be used with polymers that do not reversibly melt (e.g., crosslinked polymers). Call for Proposals 2021. - useful information - Life program Croatia https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf (2021). Eng. Vital Strategies. That is, the PSAs are soft enough to flow and wet a substrate at the bonding frequency, while hard enough to hold onto a substrate, and peel cleanly at the debonding frequency. of 2-ethylhexanol and H2SO4 as a catalyst (Fig. Across states, the largest declines were estimated for Amazonas (3.14 years), Amap (2.46 years) and Par (2.44 years). Instead, we envisioned a 23 step method from crosslinked sodium polyacrylate: (i) acid-catalyzed or base-mediated decrosslinking to generate linear polymers, (ii) optional sonication to lower the molar mass, and (iii) functionalizing via esterification to generate tack (Fig. Clustered tree size analysis of bio-productivity of Dinghushan National Sci. Raber, D. J. et al. 239, 255261 (2019). Rev. http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf (2021). Most consumer PSA-based products are found in either quadrant 3 or the central region (e.g., office tape, sticky notes, bandages, and removable labels), which is signified by low-to-medium G and G. To the extent that correction factors are approximately equal for 2019 and 2020, our estimates are not seriously affected by missing deaths. J. Phys. It is also the case that the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 could encompass secular changes unrelated to the pandemic. %PDF-1.7 T32 AG000037). These are some examples of deteriorating health conditions that not only will generate a higher demand for healthcare services but also might affect future mortality patterns. March 2, 2023 - 6:00AM. Over the last decades, the completeness of death registration has improved steadily in Brazil43, and data completeness is likely to be similar for 2019 and 2020. Plots of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus time and maximum specific energy (wmax) for sonicating PAAP&G at a 2.5% w/v and b 5.0% w/v. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response (2021). M.C.C., N.G., T.A. ]}JazX HuEYW0l n5!R?VF|-ww!OHq3G,a@n:X%~m=}WW[ll_oq Rocha, R. et al. Science 372, 821826 (2021). Kick-off meeting of the projet LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST Article Molecules 23, 2870 (2018). Life - Programma per l'ambiente e l'azione per il clima 32, 290299 (2016). Slider with three articles shown per slide. The Guardian. Fornof, A. R. et al. The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. 39, 2737 (2020). Wernet, G. et al. We estimate a decline in 2020 life expectancy at birth (e0) of 1.3 years, a mortality level not seen since 2014. and S.K. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis outperformed the base-mediated hydrolysis by a factor of 10 on both global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. 100th Anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: redefining sustainable polymers. Health 7, e1575e1583 (2019). Preparation of pressure sensitive adhesives from post-consumer superabsorbent polymers. Of the gains achieved in e0 in Brazil over 2 decades, 19% were lost due to COVID-19 (Supplementary Table 8). Upgrading of postconsumer absorbent hygiene products for bioethanol production. D.I.C., M.I.J., and E.N.G.M. Takaya, C. A. et al. Dokumentai pareikjams: Gairs Paraikos forma (A ir B dalys) Priedas "Vietovs apraymas" Priedas "Ri ir buveini apraymas" Anne J. McNeil. [:BiU{okw}weM~{zo=nR{=x"}C?V]nQi,"8(,|"}'Y77iY. A. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. The magnitude of the COVID-19 death toll was not homogenous across states and was associated with the pattern of spread18. This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate (superabsorbent polymer) and the polyacrylates (pressure-sensitive adhesives) used in tapes, bandages, and sticky notes, among others23. The actual death toll is likely to be higher due to deficient surveillance, limited testing that prevented proper diagnosis, issues of compliance with protocols for reporting a suspected COVID-19 death and location of the death (for example, at home)1,2. CAS LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-NATURE Gamta ir biologin vairov (angl. Google Scholar. % Primi bandi LIFE 2021-2027 - FIRST For decades, mechanical recycling has been used to recover some value from waste polymers, although recycling rates are low2 and the material quality is often reduced. Francisco D. - Specialist - SAP General Ledger - Master Data - LinkedIn Public Health Nutr. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) This year, there is 598 million available for nature conservation, environmental protection, climate action, and clean energy transition projects. A life cycle assessment was used to compare the routes that involved (i) no sonication, (ii) sonication for 1min (2.5% w/v) and (iii) sonication for 2min (5.0% w/v), including the workup steps, and will be described in more detail below. 2). <>/Metadata 249 0 R/ViewerPreferences 250 0 R>> At present, the environmental benefits of diaper recycling (including superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery) are dependent on the avoided material burdens52. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in "Environment" area. a, Estimated change in life expectancy at birth in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. T.A. Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. Peer review information Nature Medicine thanks Pedro Hallal, Usama Bilal and Vladimir Canudas Romo for their contribution to the peer review of this work. stream Fundao Oswaldo Cruz. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Manag. The lack of a coordinated, prompt and equitable response informed by science, as well as the promotion of disinformation, have been the hallmark of the current administration27. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002 (2021). For e65, the decline in 2021 was estimated at 1.05 years for both sexes (Fig. Effect of socioeconomic inequalities and vulnerabilities on health-system preparedness and response to COVID-19 in Brazil: a comprehensive analysis. 1 Land Law III (LLAW3105) Exam DECEMBER 2021 MARKING GUIDE Examiner I: II: University #: Q1 (22) + Q2 (18) + Q3 (12) + Q4 (14) + Q5 (14) - Total Marks: (out of 80) Q Suggested points/answers Marks 1(a) Land is held under Tso, Chinese customary trust for ancestral worship and is supposed to be inalienable and perpetual. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. R. Soc. We quantified the effect of COVID-19 on reversing the progress in mortality reduction since 2000 (Methods). Rev. 1d). We found a 15.3% and 15.1% decrease in GWP when replacing the industrial route with either the 1min or 2min sonication scenario, respectively, and an impressive 21.5% decrease when sonication was avoided altogether. Biochem. Robbie Morphew - SAP ABAP Developer - SEAT CODE | LinkedIn Therefore, COVID-19 sequelae might shorten individual lifespan. ACS Sustain. Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. For each state and sex, we calculated the difference between the two life tables to estimate reductions in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19 (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). Researchers investigate what COVID-19 does to the heart. 1 0 obj %PDF-1.7 In the first 4 months of 2021, COVID-19 deaths represented 107% of the total 2020 figures. LIFE 2021 - 2027 Webinar Krishna Reddy Mogulla - Industry Principal, Life Sciences - LinkedIn To summarize, we developed a facile and potentially scalable method to synthesize commercially relevant PSAs by open-loop recycling poly(acrylic acid) sourced from a leading diaper manufacturer. Hope O Baker - Mite Coordinator - Mankato Area Hockey Assoc | LinkedIn Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. We showed that a largely unmitigated pandemic, in a context of local inequalities, resulted in a high and unequal mortality burden. The adhesive properties of the synthesized polyacrylates were evaluated using rheology and analyzed with respect to Changs viscoelastic window (VW), which classifies different adhesive types48. Aburto, J. M. et al. Rahimi, A. The resulting acidic polymer solutions were used directly in the subsequent experiments without any isolation steps. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Caruso, M. M. et al. 61, 25842587 (1939). <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Pereira, A. K., Oliveira, M. S. & Sampaio, T. S. Heterogeneidades das polticas estaduais de distanciamento social diante da COVID-19: aspectos polticos e tcnico-administrativos. B Biol. Political and institutional perils of Brazils COVID-19 crisis. Characterisation of the first 250,000 hospital admissions for COVID-19 in Brazil: a retrospective analysis of nationwide data. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Proposals under this topic must address EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation compliance assurance and access to justice by:- establishing new or, where in place, enhancing existing cross-border, national or regional networks of compliance assurance practitioners or experts; and/or establishing or, where in place, improving professional Lancet 394, 345356 (2019). Chem. Waste Manag. A life cycle assessment demonstrates that the adhesives synthesized via this approach outcompete the same materials derived from petroleum feedstocks on nearly every metric, including carbon dioxide emissions and cumulative energy demand. Blackwhite risk differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) transmission, mortality and case fatality in the United States: translational epidemiologic perspective and challenges. axL5Bv\cH L(8@#lP&djen$kqbn7GwU$Kn~` d!B"mheQ%$HL3\0(Jqv\s. Buss, L. F. et al. MARY LUZ MATURAN - SAP Order Management Administrator - LinkedIn Polym. 3). Soil Environ. 44, 11491154 (1979). As a consequence, there is an intrinsic, limiting molar mass for each polymer below which further chain scissions are unlikely to occur. | Saiba mais sobre as conexes, experincia profissional, formao . Reaction conditions for base-mediated and acid-catalyzed decrosslinking reactions with LCA comparison. Tang, H., Luan, Y., Yang, L. & Sun, H. A perspective on reversibility in controlled polymerization systems: recent progress and new opportunities. Nevertheless, the estimates might still suffer from incomplete and/or delayed reporting of deaths, especially those for 2021, with potential variation in completeness across states. On average, larger declines in e0 and e65 were estimated in the North regions and smaller in the South regions (Fig. Before COVID-19, e0 in Brazil lagged behind many countries in Asia, Europe and the Americas.
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