It is our pleasure. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. stream In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. % One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Federalism in India. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. % Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. 1. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. Best information base for latest information both national and international. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: the Past, Current Peril and Future Hopes 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. Each state has the same level of self-governance. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. by the federal or any state government. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The Changes in Branch Office Registration Requirements Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria | LearnAllinfo By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. ff>qsfN? CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. /Height 235 Moreover, 4 Topics . Email Address. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University However, that is not so in a federal government system. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. stream This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. 7 Topics . Promoters of the idea were of the view that the All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. endobj Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. 2. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. Federalism in Nigeria : The past , Current Peril and Future Hopes It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. %PDF-1.5 /BitsPerComponent 8 To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. /Filter /DCTDecode Nigeria. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. /F5 18 0 R Power Sharing Formula It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria - Legit.ng Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Hon. This is because most of the power (financial and. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Full History of Nigerian Federalism. Payment Details. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. 7. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria
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reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf