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Crash of a United States Air Force bomber carrying nuclear warheads in North Carolina. Tullochs plane was scheduled for a re-fit to resolve the problem, but it would come too late. The 1958 Mars Bluff B-47 nuclear weapon loss incident was the inadvertent release of a nuclear weapon from a United States Air Force B-47 bomber over Mars Bluff, South Carolina. The incident became public immediately but didnt cause a big stir because it was overshadowed when, just a few days later, President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. The last step involved a simple safety switch. But the damage was minimal, and there was only one casualtyan unfortunate cow that was grazing in the vicinity of the explosion. The B-52 crash was front-page news in Goldsboro and around the country. Howard, the Tybee Island bomb was a "complete weapon, a bomb with a nuclear capsule" and one of two weapons lost that contained a plutonium trigger. Within an hour, in the early morning of January 24, a military helicopter was hovering overhead. Around midnight on 2324 January 1961, the bomber had a rendezvous with a tanker for aerial refueling. The plane's bombardier, sent to find . Dont think that fumbles with nuclear weapons are a thing of the past; the most recent such incident happened in 2007 at the Minot Air Force Base in North Dakota. Such approval was pending deployment of safer "sealed-pit nuclear capsule" weapons, which did not begin deployment until June 1958. In the Greggs' case, the bomb's trigger did explode and cause damage. If it had a plutonium nuclear core installed, it was a fully functional weapon. The 1961 Goldsboro B-52 crash was an accident that occurred near Goldsboro, North Carolina, on 23 January 1961. [8], Starting on February 6, 1958, the Air Force 2700th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Squadron and 100 Navy personnel equipped with hand-held sonar and galvanic drag and cable sweeps mounted a search. [9] In 2013, ReVelle recalled the moment the second bomb's switch was found:[14] Until my death I will never forget hearing my sergeant say, "Lieutenant, we found the arm/safe switch." Thousands could have died in the blast and following radioactive cloud, especially depending on which direction the winds blew. The secondary core, made of uranium, never turned up. Lulu. Goldsboro one of 32 pre-1980 accidents involving nukes, Weeks after Goldsboro, there was another close call in California, The weapons came alarmingly close to detonation, They were far more powerful than the bombs dropped in Japan. An eyewitness recalls what happened next. This fun fact went unnoticed for the next 36 hours. The accident happened when a B-52 bomber got into trouble, having embarked from Seymour Johnson Air Force base in Goldsboro for a routine flight along the East Coast. The giant hydrogen bomb fell through the bay doors of the bomber and plummeted 500 meters (1,700 ft) to the ground. The impact of the aircraft breakup initiated the fuzing sequence for both bombs, the summary of the documents said. Colonel Derek Duke claimed to have narrowed the possible resting spot of the bomb down to a small area approximately the size of a football field. Weapon 2, the second bomb with the unopened parachute, landed in a free fall. Eight crew members were aboard the plane that night. The gas-guzzling B-52s, called BUFFs by airmen (for Big Ugly Fat Fellow, only they didnt say fellow) had to be refueled multiple times during each mission. Though the bomb had not exploded, it had broken up on impact, and the clean-up crew had to search the muddy ground for its parts. Why didn't the bombs explode? However, the leak unexpectedly and rapidly worsened. If the planes were already in the air, the thinking went, they would survive a nuclear bomb hitting the United States. It took a week for a crew to dig out the bomb; soon they had to start pumping water out of the site. He knew his plane was doomed, so he hit the bail out alarm. Although the first bomb floated harmlessly to the ground under its parachute, the second came to a more disastrous end: It plowed into the earth at nearly the speed of sound, sending thousands of pieces burrowing into the ground for hundreds of feet around. That is not the case with this broken arrow. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Reeves lives under that flight pattern, and every day brings a memory of that chaotic night in 1961. The bomb was jettisoned over the waters of the Savannah River. I had a fix on some lights and started walking.. It was following one of these refueling sessions that Captain Walter Tulloch and his crew noticed their plane was rapidly losing fuel. After searching for more than 10 minutes, he pulled himself up to look over the bomb's curved belly. [2][11] In 2013, information released as a result of a Freedom of Information Act request confirmed that a single switch out of four (not six) prevented detonation. Shockingly, there were no casualties, and only three workers received minor injuries. The bombs in the B-52 werent mere Hiroshima-class atomic weapons. All the terrible aftereffects of dropping an atomic bomb? Two Mark 39 hydrogen bombs survived the explosion. He landed, unhurt, away from the main crash site. Like a bungee cord calculated to yank a jumper back mere inches from hitting the ground, the system intervened just in time to prevent a nuclear nightmare. Today, the site where the bomb fell is safe enough to farmbut the military has made sure, using an easement, that no one will dig or erect a building on that site. Its difficult to calculate the destruction those bombs might have caused had they detonated in North Carolina. 21 June 2017. Experts agree that the bomb ended up somewhere at the bottom of the Wassaw Sound, where it should still be today, buried under several feet of silt. It says that one bomb the size of the two that fell in 1961 would emit thermal radiation over a 15-mile radius. A picture taken in 1971 shows a nuclear explosion in Mururoa atoll. Its on arm.'". Eight crew were aboard the gas-guzzling B-52 bomber during a routine flight along the Carolina coast that fateful night. On Feb. 5, 1958, a B-47 bomber dropped a 7,000-pound nuclear bomb into the waters off Tybee Island, Ga., after it collided with another Air Force jet. A mans world? Then the plane exploded in midair and collapsed his chute., Now Mattocks was just another piece of falling debris from the disintegrating B-52. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, This empress was the most dangerous woman in Rome. All of the contaminated snow and iceroughly 7,000 cubic meters (250,000 ft3)was removed and disposed of by the United States. The incident was less dramatic than the Mars Bluff one, as the bomb plunged into the water off the coast of nearby Tybee Island, damaging no property and leaving no visible impact crater. At first it didnt deploy, perhaps because his air speed was so low. The Greggs remained in touch with the crew, who reportedly felt badly about dropping a bomb on them. Can we bring a species back from the brink? Workers just have to refrain from digging more than five feet down. Five crewmen ejected and one climbed out a hatch, watching from their parachutes as the B-52 literally broke apart in the air. Thats where they found the intact bomb, he tells me. As it went into a tailspin,. The damaged B-47 remained airborne, plummeting 18,000 feet (5,500m) from 38,000 feet (12,000m) when the pilot, Colonel Howard Richardson, regained flight control. [2] The pilot in command, Walter Scott Tulloch, ordered the crew to eject at 9,000ft (2,700m). On the morning of Jan. 17, 1966, an American B-52 bomber was flying a secret mission over Cold War Europe when it collided with a refueling tanker. A United States Department of Defense spokesperson stated that the bomb was unarmed and could not explode. "[15], Excavation of the second bomb was eventually abandoned as a result of uncontrollable ground-water flooding. A similar incident occurred just a month before the South Carolina accident, when a midair collision between a bomber and a fighter jet on a training mission caused a "safed" hydrogen bomb to fall near Savannah, Georgia. Five crewmen successfully ejected or bailed out of the aircraft and landed safely; another ejected, but did not survive the landing, and two died in the crash. I trekked to a nuclear crater to see where the Atomic Age first began. ReVelle recovered two hydrogen bombs that had accidentally dropped from a U.S. military aircraft in 1961. . Each contained more firepower than the combined destructive force of every explosion caused by humans from the beginning of time to the end of World War II. The role of the bomber was to see if these kinds of planes could perform bomb runs in extremely cold weather. The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. Fortunately once again it damaged another part of the bomb needed to initiate an explosion. However, the military wasnt actually planning to nuke anybody, so the bomb didnt contain the plutonium core necessary for a nuclear detonation. [3] The third pilot of the bomber, Lt. Adam Mattocks, is the only person known to have successfully bailed out of the top hatch of a B-52 without an ejection seat. A disaster worse than the devastation wrought in Hiroshima and Nagasaki could have befallen the United States that night. In what would eventually get dubbed Thulegate, it came out that the Danish government was secretly allowing the stockpiling of nuclear weapons on its soil during peacetime. While its unclear how frequently these types of accidents have occurred, the Defense Department has disclosed 32 accidents involving nuclear weapons between 1950 and 1980. He pulled his parachute ripcord. But about 180 feet below our shoes, gently radiating away with a half-life of 24,000 years, lies the plutonium core of the bombs secondary stage. As the plane broke apart, the two bombs plummeted toward the ground. On a January night in 1961, a U.S. Air Force bomber broke in half while flying over eastern North Carolina. If he bothered to look on the left side, he would have noticed something quite interestingthe six missiles were all still armed with nuclear warheads, each with the power of 10 Hiroshima bombs. Stabilized by automatically deployed parachutes, the bombs immediately began arming themselves over Goldsboro, North Carolina. Following regulations, the captain disengaged the locking pin from the nuclear weapon so it could be dropped in an emergency during takeoff. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. Radu is a history and science buff who writes for GeeKiez when he isnt writing for Listverse. With a maximum diameter of 61 inches (1.5 meters), the Mark 6 had an inflated, cartoon-like quality, reminiscent of something Wile E. Coyote would order from the ACME Co. Its capabilities, however, were no laughing matter. 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The website, nuclearsecrecy.com, allows users to simulate nuclear explosions. (Related: I trekked to a nuclear crater to see where the Atomic Age first began.). The nuclear components were stored in a different part of the building, so radioactive contamination was minimal. The 12-foot (4 m) long Mark 15 bomb weighs 7,600 pounds (3,400kg) and bears the serial number 47782. During the Cold War, U.S. planes accidentally dropped nuclear bombs on the east coast, in Europe, and elsewhere. This would have resulted in a significantly reduced primary yield and would not have ignited the weapon's fusion secondary stage. In January, a jet carrying two 12-foot-long Mark 39 hydrogen bombs met up with a refueling plane, whose pilot noticed a problem. Sixty years ago, at the height of the Cold War, a B-52 bomber disintegrated over a small Southern town. The fake story spread widely via social media.[12]. Mattocks prayed, Thank you, God! says Dobson. Most of the thermonuclear stage of the bomb was left in place, but the "pit", or core, containing uranium and plutonium which is needed to trigger a nuclear explosion was removed. A dozen of them were loaded onto a B-52, six on each side. They contaminated a 2.5-square-kilometer (1 mi2) area, although nobody was killed in the blasts. In 1958, a plane accidentally dropped a nuclear bomb in a family's back garden; miraculously, no one was killed, though their free-range chickens were vaporised. During the flight, the bomber was supposed to undergo two aerial refueling sessions. The tail was discovered about 20 feet (6.1m) below ground. Like any self-respecting teenager, Reeves began running straight toward the wreckageuntil it exploded. Not according to biology or history. Oddly enough, the Danish government got into more trouble than the American one. The state capital, Raleigh, is 50 miles northwest of Goldsboro, and Fayetteville home of the Armys massive Fort Bragg is 60 miles southwest. Firefighters hose down the smoking wreckage of a B-52 Stratofortress near Faro, North Carolina, in the early morning hours of January 24, 1961. [11], Former military analyst Daniel Ellsberg has claimed to have seen highly classified documents indicating that its safe/arm switch was the only one of the six arming devices on the bomb that prevented detonation. As the Orange County Register writes, that last switch was still turned to SAFE. Learn more about this weird history in this HowStuffWorks article. Shortly after the crash, Reeves found an entire wooden box of bullets. They wanted to deploy eleven "special weapons" -- atomic bombs -- to Goose Bay for a six-week experimental period. Not only did the Gregg girls and their cousin narrowly miss becoming the first people killed by an atomic bomb on U.S. soil, but they now had a hole on their farm in which they could easily park a couple of school buses. Standing at the front gate in a tattered flight suit, still holding his bundled parachute in his arms, Mattocks told the guards he had just bailed from a crashing B-52. Fortunately, the safing pins that provided power from a generator to the weapon had been yanked preventing it from going off. Lastly, it all took place in a foreign land, hurting the United States politically. That sign, a small patch of trees, and some discolored dirt in a field are the only reminders of the fateful night that happened exactly 62 years ago today. Fortunately for the entire East Coast,. But in spite of precautions, nuclear bombs have been accidentally dropped from airplanes, they've melted in storage unit fires, and some have simply gone missing. The device was 260 times more powerful than the one. All rights reserved. Despite decades of alarmist theories to the contrary, that assessment was probably correct. On this very day 62 years ago, history in North Carolina was almost irreparably changed when two nuclear bombs fell from a crashing military airplane, landing in a field near Goldsboro. Herein lies the silver lining. According to newly declassified documents, in January 1961, the Air Force almost detonated an atomic bomb over North Carolina by accident. What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? Two pieces of good news came after this. Originally, the plan was to make an emergency landing at Thule Air Base, but the fire was too severe, and the plane didnt make it there. Then, at 4:19 p.m., a member of the crew aboard a U.S. Air Force B-47E bomber accidentally released a nuclear weapon that landed on the girls' playhouse and the family's nearby garden, creating a massive crater with a circumference of 50 feet (15 meters) and depth of 35 feet (10 meters). Its a tiny, unincorporated community located in Florence County, South Carolina. The officer in charge came and gave a quick inspection with a passing glance at the missiles on the right side before signing off on the mission. Despite a notable increase in air traffic in late 1960, the good people of Goldsboro had no inkling that their local Air Force base had quietly become one of several U.S. airfields selected for Operation Chrome Dome, a Cold War doomsday program that kept multiple B-52 bombers in the air throughout the Northern Hemisphere 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The base was soon renamed Travis Air Force Base in honor of the general. The bomb, which lacked the fissile nuclear core, fell over the area, causing damage to buildings below. However, in these cases, they at least have some idea of where the bombs ended up. Piecing together a giant prehistoric rhinoceros is as hard as it looks. Today, military-grade nuclear weapons can take more knocking around without exploding. [1] How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. Everything was going fine until the plane was about 6 kilometers (4 mi) from the base. All rights reserved. On March 10, 1956, a B-47 Stratojet took off from MacDill Air Force Base in Florida carrying capsules with nuclear weapon cores. [10] The second bomb did have the ARM/SAFE switch in the arm position but was damaged as it fell into a muddy meadow. Billy Reeves remembers that night in January 1961 as unseasonably warm, even for North Carolina. During the hook-up, the tanker crew advised the B-52 aircraft commander, Major Walter Scott Tulloch (grandfather of actress Elizabeth Tulloch), that his aircraft had a fuel leak in the right wing. By the end, 19 people were dead, and almost 180 were injured. And I said, "Great." Mars Bluff Incident: The US Air Force Accidentally Dropped a Nuclear Bomb on South Carolina Starting in the late 1940s and running through to the end of the Cold War, an arms race occurred. They had no idea that five years later, they would earn the dubious honor of being the first and only family to survive the first and only atomic bomb dropped on American soil by Americans. Actually, weve been really lucky, he says. The incident that happened in Palomares, Spain on January 17, 1966 was a bad one, even for a broken arrow. We just got out of there.. These skeletons may have the answer, Scientists are making advancements in birth controlfor men, Blood cleaning? The captain of the aircraft accidentally pulled an emergency release pin in response to a fault light in the cabin, and a Mark 4 nuclear bomb, weighing more than 7,000 pounds, dropped, forcing the . Thats because, even though the government recovered the primary nuclear device, attempts to recover other radioactive remnants of the bomb failed. She thought it was the End of Times.. "We literally had nuclear armed bombers flying 24/7 for years and years," said Keen, who has himself flown nuclear weapons while serving in the U.S. Air Force. When asked the technical aspects of how the bombs could come 'one switch away' from exploding, but still not explode, Keen only said, "The Lord had mercy on us that night.". A Boeing B-52 Stratofortress carrying two 3-4- megaton Mark 39 nuclear bombs broke up in mid-air, dropping its nuclear payload in the process. [6] However, according to 1966 Congressional testimony by Assistant Secretary of Defense W.J. I am bouncing along the backroads of Faro, North Carolina, in Billy Reeves pickup truck. A Boeing B-47E-LM Stratojet departed from Hunter Air Force Base in Savannah, Georgia and was headed to England. Wind conditions, of course, could change that. The nuclear components were stored in a different part of the building, so radioactive contamination was minimal. Just as a million tiny accidents occurred in just the wrong way to bring that plane down, another million tiny accidents had occurred in just the right way to prevent those bombs from exploding. Offer subject to change without notice. The first bomb that descended by parachute was found intact and standing upright as a result of its parachute being caught in a tree. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill determined the buried depth of the secondary component to be 18010 feet (553m). While he was performing checks on the bomb, he accidentally grabbed the emergency release pin. The F-86 crashed after the pilot ejected from the plane. Weve finally arrived at the most famous broken arrow in US history, one mostly made famous by the government covering it up for almost 30 years. Sign up for our newsletter and enter to win the second edition of our book. On that night in 1961, the bomber carrying these nukes sprung a mysterious fuel leak. Ridiculous History: H-Bombs in Space Caused Light Shows, and People Partied, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, detailed in this American Heritage account. (Pictures of Hiroshima and Nagasaki show the destructive power of atomic bombs.). Winner will be selected at random on 04/01/2023. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. And what would have happened to North Carolina if they did? The first recorded American military nuclear weapon loss took place in British Columbia on February 14, 1950. So theres this continuing sense people have: You nearly blew us all up, and youre not telling us the truth about it.. For years, crew members continued to correspond with the family via letters, and one even visited the family for a week's vacation decades after the incident. Thats a question still unanswered today. Declassified documents that the National Security Archive released this week offered new details about the incident. Well, Lord, he said out loud, if this is the way its going to end, so be it. Then a gust of wind, or perhaps an updraft from the flames below, nudged him to the south. The nuclear bomb immediately dropped from its shackle and landed, for just an instant, on the closed bomb-bay doors. For 29 years, the government kept the accident at Kirtland a secret. [10], In 2008 and in March 2013 (before the above-mentioned September 2013 declassification), Michael H. Maggelet and James C. Oskins, authors of Broken Arrow: The Declassified History of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Accidents, disputed the claim that a bomb was only one step away from detonation, citing a declassified report. But it was an oops for the ages. "Dumb luck" prevented a historic catastrophe. "These nuclear bombs were far more powerful than the ones dropped in Japan.". The Boeing in question had a Mark VI nuclear bomb onboard. As with the British Columbia incident, the bomb was inactive but still had thousands of pounds of explosives. [2][3], The crew requested permission to jettison the bomb, in order to reduce weight and prevent the bomb from exploding during an emergency landing. The U.S. Air Force Accidentally Dropped An Atomic Bomb On South Carolina In 1958 Ella Davis Hudson was just a young girl in 1958, playing with dolls and running around the garden like any. When the planes come in, and the windows begin to rattle, I still get the chills, he says. The bomb landed on the house of Walter Gregg. they would earn the dubious honor of being the first and only family to survive the first and only atomic bomb dropped on American soil by Americans. We depend on ad revenue to craft and curate stories about the worlds hidden wonders. ], In July 2012, the State of North Carolina erected a historical road marker in the town of Eureka, 3 miles (4.8km) north of the crash site, commemorating the crash under the title "Nuclear Mishap".[21]. The crew did not see an explosion when the bomb struck the sea. My mother was praying. They point out that the arm-ready switch was in the safe position, the high-voltage battery was not activated (which would preclude the charging of the firing circuit and neutron generator necessary for detonation), and the rotary safing switch was destroyed, preventing energisation of the X-Unit (which controlled the firing capacitors). [18], Lt. Jack ReVelle, the bomb disposal expert responsible for disarming the device, determined that the ARM/SAFE switch of the bomb which was hanging from a tree was in the SAFE position. And it was never found again. He was heading straight for the burning wreckage of the B-52. Mars Bluff isnt a sprawling metropolis with millions of people and giant skyscrapers. On the ground, all five members of the Gregg family were injured, as was young cousin Ella, who required 31 stitches. Ironically, it appears that the bomb that drifted gently to earth posed the bigger risk, since its detonating mechanism remained intact. North Carolina was one switch away from either of those bombs creating a nuclear explosion mushroom cloud and all. If I were to hold a Geiger counter to the ground of the cotton field in which Billy Reeves and I are standing, chances are it would register nothing unusual. What caused the accident was the navigator of the B-47 bomber, who pulled the release handle of the mechanism holding. 2023 Atlas Obscura. Slowed by its parachute, one of the bombs came to rest in a stand of trees. "I was just getting ready for bed," Reeves says, "and all of a sudden Im thinking, 'What in the world?'". Nuclear bombs like the one dropped on the Greggs could be set off, or triggered, by concussion like being struck by a bullet or making hard contact with the ground. Shortly after takeoff, one of the planes developed engine trouble. An Air Force nuclear weapons adviser speculated that the source of the radiation was natural, originating from monazite deposits. Just take the time in 1958, when a bomber accidentally dropped an unarmed nuclear warhead on the unsuspecting town of Mars Bluff, South Carolina. In January, a jet carrying two 12-foot-long Mark 39 hydrogen bombs met up with a. Tulloch had the B-52 lined up to land on Runway 26, but suddenly the plane started veering off to the right, toward the hamlet of Faro, says Joel Dobson, author of the definitive book on the crash, The Goldsboro Broken Arrow. [14] The United States Army Corps of Engineers purchased a 400-foot (120m) diameter circular easement over the buried component. The Mark 6 bomb that fell onto this remote area of South Carolina weighed 7,600 pounds (3.4 metric tons) and was 10 feet, 8 inches (3.3 meters) long. As the pilot lost control, two hydrogen bombs separated from the plane, falling to the North Carolina fields below. The F-86 crashed after the pilot ejected from the plane. It contains 400 pounds (180kg) of conventional high explosives and highly enriched uranium. They took the box, he says. Basically, Mattocks was a dead man, Dobson says. Like Atlas Obscura and get our latest and greatest stories in your Facebook feed. No purchase necessary. It involved four different hydrogen bombs, and it took place in a foreign land, causing diplomatic problems for the United States. When a military crew found the bomb, it was nose-down in the dirt, with its parachute caught in the tree, still whole. Even so, it still had about 2,250 kilograms (5,000 lb) of regular explosives, so the Mark IV could still create a huge explosion. each 3.8-megaton weapon would've been 250 times more destructive than the atomic bomb . He settled out of court for an undisclosed sum. . Wings and other areas susceptible to fatigue were modified in 1964 under Boeing engineering change proposal ECP 1050. Every weekday we compile our most wondrous stories and deliver them straight to you. On May 22, 1957, a B-36 bomber was transporting a giant Mark 17 hydrogen bomb from Texas to the Kirtland Air Force Base near Albuquerque, New Mexico. This was one of the biggest nuclear bombs ever made, 8 meters (25 ft) in length and with an explosive yield of 10 megatons. As part of the Cold War-era Operation Chrome Dome, U.S. Air Force B-52 bombers flew globe-spanning missions day and night out of several U.S. airfields, including Johnson Air Force Base in Goldsboro, North Carolina. Their home was no longer inhabitable and their outbuildings had been destroyed even the family's free-range chickens had been utterly wiped from the face of the South Carolina farm. The accident report made no mention of nuclear weapons aboard the bomber. The military tried to cover up the incident by claiming that the plane was loaded with only conventional explosives. In 1961, as John F. Kennedy was inaugurated, Cold War tensions were running high, and the military had planes armed with nuclear weapons in the air constantly. The mission was supposed to be pretty simpledeliver a load of unarmed AGM-129 ACM cruise missiles to a weapons graveyard. This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 08:32. So sad.. This practically ensured that, when it was eventually revealed, everyone treated it like a huge deal, even though much worse broken arrows had happened since. The pilot had to crash-land the B-29 in a remote area of the base. All rights reserved. What if we could clean them out? There are tales of people still concealing pieces of landing gear and fuselage. When the U.S. Air Force Accidentally Dropped an Atomic Bomb on South Carolina GREAT AMERICAN SCANDALS On March 11, 1958, the Gregg family was going about their business when a malfunction in a. An eyewitness recalls what happened next. It had been "safed" for transport, meaning that the radioactive part of the bomb's payload was removed and was being moved in a different plane. As Kulka was reaching around the bomb to pull himself up, he mistakenly grabbed the emergency release pin.

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nuclear bomb accidentally dropped